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updated: 2017-02-28
| "Europe's population rose from 69M in 1500 to 89M in1600, an increase of almost 30%. The monetization of its economy proceeded apace, with large imports of gold and silver from Spain's colonies in the New World. Trade began to grow much more quickly than GDP overall; between 1470 and the early 19th century, the size of the Western European merchant fleet grew 7-fold." --- Francis Fukuyama 2011 _The Origins of Political Order: From PreHuman Times to the French Revolution_ pg328 |
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2016 December, week 1 (1-3) (16KB)
2016 December, week 2 (4-10) (16KB)
2016 December, week 3 (11-17) (16KB)
2016 December, week 4 (18-24) (16KB)
2016 December, week 5 (25-31) (16KB)
| "Warnings of scarcity, present or future, were no longer credible after a dozen or so uninterrupted years of reports in professional and general publications of unemployment and under-employment among doctorates in science and engineering. In 1995, a study derived from a survey of 344 faculty members at 19 institutions, including 9 that award PhDs in science and engineering, concluded that doctoral production is detached from and oblivious of the job market. Reporting that 'perhaps 25% of newly-minted doctorates end up unemplyed', the study concluded that 'the natural production rate of doctorates is driven by departmental needs [in universities] for research and teaching assistants, and that departmental doctoral-student in-take is limited by financial constraints rather than output market considerations... Faculty tend to belive that more scientifically-trained man-power is better than less, and that job opportunities will materialize somehow... In any case, the department's short-run requirements for inexpensive research and teaching labor, and the desire of faculty to replicate their own skills, is of stronger relevance to admissions decisions than the more abstract and distant concept of labor market balance.'" --- Daniel S. Greenberg 2001 _Science, Money, and Politics: Political Triumph and Ethical Erosion_ pp144-145 (quoting William F. Massy & Charles A. Goldman 1995 _The Production and Utilization of Science and Engineering Doctorates in the United States_, Stanford) |
